ASCSP · IRS PUB. 5653 · § 1.168(i)-6 · 412 STUDIES · $1.84B RECLASSIFIED
Commercial · CostSeg BENCHMARKS v2.4
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ENGINEERED ANALYSIS · MID SCOPE

Engineered Analysis: Mid-Scope Office, Phoenix AZ

32,000 SF BUILT 2002 BASIS $4.70M LOCATION Phoenix, AZ
RECLASS %
26.8%
5-YEAR BUCKET
$720,401
15-YEAR BUCKET
$483,245
YR-1 FED SAVINGS
$466,044
Office property at mid scope — representative photography

Overview

A 4-story Class B suburban office building in Phoenix. Multi-tenant general office occupancy, mid-2000s construction with subsequent tenant turnover refreshes. Acquired for $5,500,000 in 2024.

The Cost Seg Smart engineered analysis identifies $1,259,581 in accelerated bucket components (26.8% of the $4,697,000 depreciable basis after a 14.6% land valuation).

What the analysis identifies

The 32,000 SF property carries the component density typical for a Class B suburban office. The component inventory pulls the following share into accelerated buckets:

  • tenant-finish carpet, decorative partitions, and dedicated tenant HVAC zones
  • specialty lighting in tenant suites and decorative lighting in lobby and common areas
  • the parking lot (the largest single 15-year line), site lighting, monument signage, and exterior landscaping
  • dedicated electrical for tenant suites (data raceways, dedicated circuits beyond base building service)

Item-level engineering documentation supports each classification — photographs of mounting details, mechanical schematics for HVAC and plumbing classifications, electrical schedules for dedicated-circuit identification.

Reclass breakdown

BucketAmount% of basisMACRS section
5-year personal property$720,40215.3%Section 168(e)(3)(B); Section 1245
7-year specialty$55,9331.2%Section 168(e)(3)(C); Section 1245
15-year land improvements$483,24610.3%Section 168(e)(3)(E); Section 1250
39-year structural$3,437,41973.2%Section 168(c); Section 1250
Total depreciable basis$4,697,000100%

Land value (excluded from depreciable basis): $803,000 (14.6% land allocation, Phoenix AZ market).

Year-1 federal tax savings

Assuming 100% bonus depreciation per the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA, 2025), the full accelerated bucket components are deductible in year 1:

  • Accelerated bucket total: $1,259,581
  • Federal tax savings at 37% top bracket: $466,045

For a passive investor, the deduction creates a passive loss offsetting passive income. For a taxpayer qualifying as a real estate professional under Section 469(c)(7), the deduction offsets active income — including business operating income from non-real-estate sources.

Methodology applied

The engine applied the following parameters:

  • Era profile: 2002 build, finish density and component weights calibrated to construction-era patterns
  • Geo factor: 0.88 (Phoenix MSA, metro calibrated)
  • Component count: 45 distinct line items in the inventory
  • Indirect cost multiplier: 1.25 (standard 25% indirect uplift covering soft costs, contingency)
  • PPI multiplier: 1.04 (BLS construction cost index applied from build year to acquisition year)
  • QC status: PASS (engineered analysis cleared all 16 quality-control checks)

The land valuation used the statistical source. Properties where the county assessor record is within reliability tolerances may produce a different land allocation; the engineered methodology applies the most defensible source available.

Audit considerations specific to this property

  1. Tenant-specific vs base building HVAC: The 5-year bucket includes dedicated tenant-zone HVAC. The engineering documentation traces duct runs and circuit schedules to establish that the equipment serves a specific tenant rather than the whole building.

  2. Decorative vs structural partitions: Interior partitions classified as 5-year personal property must pass the Section 1.48-1(c) permanence test — removable without damage to the structural envelope. Photographs of mounting details support the classification.

  3. Parking lot allocation: The 15-year bucket includes the full parking lot (asphalt, subbase, striping, curbs, drainage). The audit verifies the cost allocation against site work line items.

Return profile

MetricValue
Study cost (typical)$4500–6500
Year-1 federal tax savings (37% bracket, 100% bonus)$466,045
Year-1 ROI on study fee72×–104×
Total accelerated depreciation pulled forward$1,259,581

The ROI calculation reflects gross year-1 tax savings against the typical study cost range. Net present value of the strategy depends on hold period (longer holds capture more time value) and recapture treatment at sale.

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